Lester Bangs Fashion Is Facism Style Is Originality
1. Прочитайте следующие слова и словосочетания вслух и определите их значение:
aesthetics, accessories, latitudes, clothing, garment, market, consumer, range, combinations, patterns, conventional, occasions, specifically, haute couture, bespoke tailoring, mass market place, casual, every-day habiliment, freelance designer, direct, manufacturers, selfemployed, apparel, muslin, via, precise, painstaking, accurateness, operational outfit, concept, technicality, according, predominantly, ready-to-wear, quantities, customers, kitsch, high-waisted trousers, conjugal.
2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие глаголы:
to anticipate, to require, to influence, to effort, to satisfy, to desire, to consider, to design, to bear, to institute, to sketch, to drape, to satisfy, to depend, to figure out, to split upwardly, to guarantee.
three. Подберите эквивалентный перевод словосочетаний из колонки A в колонке В.
4. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Fashion DESIGN
Fashion design is the art of the application of pattern and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social latitudes, and has varied over time and place. Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing habiliment and accessories. Some work alone or every bit part of a team. They effort to satisfy consumer desire for aesthetically designed clothing; and, because of the time required to bring a garment onto the market, must at times anticipate irresolute consumer tastes.
Fashion designers attempt to blueprint apparel which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. They must consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it volition be worn. They have a wide range and combinations of materials to piece of work with and a wide range of colors, patterns and styles to choose from. Though well-nigh clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a narrow range of conventional styles, unusual garments are usually sought for special occasions, such every bit evening wear or political party dresses.
Some wearing apparel are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Today, most article of clothing is designed for the mass market, specially coincidental and every-24-hour interval wear. Fashion designers can work in a number of many ways. Fashion designers may piece of work full-time for ane fashion as 'in-house designers' which owns the designs. They may work alone or as part of a team. Freelance designers work for themselves, selling their designs to way houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyer's label. Some fashion designers set up their own labels, nether which their designs are marketed. Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for individual clients. Other high-manner designers cater to specialty stores or high-manner section stores. These designers create original garments, besides as those that follow established fashion trends. Nigh fashion designers, however, work for dress manufacturers, creating designs of men'south, women's, and children'southward fashions for the mass market. Big designer brands which have a 'name' every bit their make such equally Abercrombie & Fitch, Justice, or Juicy are likely to be designed by a team of individual designers under the management of a designer managing director.
Designing a garment. Fashion designers work in different ways. Some sketch their ideas on paper, while others drapery fabric on a clothes class. When a designer is completely satisfied with the fit of the toile (or muslin), he or she will consult a professional design maker who so makes the finished, working version of the pattern out of menu or via a computerized system. The pattern maker'south job is very precise and painstaking. The fit of the finished garment depends on their accuracy. Finally, a sample garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit. Myriam Chalek, owner and founder of Creative Business concern House explains that near of the time way designers only take a style concept; the technicality and construction is not thought through during the visual formulation and sketching process. Hence, the fashion designer needs to run into with a blueprint maker and sample maker to effigy out if the sketch on paper can exist brought to life according its vision.
Types of fashion. The garments produced by wear manufacturers fall into three main categories, although these may be dissever upward into boosted, more than specific categories:
1. Haute couture. Until the 1950s, style wear was predominately designed and manufactured on a fabricated-to-measure or haute couture basis (French for high-sewing), with each garment being created for a specific client. A couture garment is made to social club for an individual customer, and is usually made from highquality, expensive fabric, sewn with extreme attending to detail and terminate, frequently using time-consuming, paw-executed techniques. Look and fit take priority over the toll of materials and the fourth dimension it takes to make.
2. Set-to-wear (pret-a-porter). Prepare-to-wear clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Wearing apparel are made in pocket-size quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by style houses each season during a menses known as Mode Week. This takes place on a urban center-broad ground and occurs twice a twelvemonth. The chief seasons of Manner Calendar week include, spring/summer, fall/winter, resort, swim and conjugal.
3. Mass market. Currently the fashion industry relies more than on mass market sales. The mass market caters for a wide range of customers, producing gear up set past the famous names in fashion. They often wait around a flavor to make sure a style is going to catch on before producing their ain versions of the original look. In society to save money and time, they utilise cheaper fabrics and simpler production techniques which tin can easily be done past automobile. The finish product can therefore be sold much more cheaply.
There is a type of design chosen"kutch"design originated from the High german word"kitschig"meaning"ugly"or"not aesthetically pleasing."Kitsch can also refer to"wearing or displaying something that is therefore no longer in fashion."Often, high-waisted trousers, associated with the 1980s, are considered a"kitsch"fashion statement.
five. Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова: style, haute couture , mass market, season, garment.
→ Сasual and every-day wear is designed for…
→ A… garment is made specifically for the wearer's measurements and trunk stance.
→ They must consider who is likely to habiliment a… and the situations in which it will be worn.
→ Some… designers are self-employed and design for individual clients.
→ Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented past fashion houses each… during a period known every bit Fashion Week.
6. Сопоставьте следующие понятия:
7. Прочитайте, переведите и озаглавьте текст.
London has long been the capital of the Uk fashion industry and has a wide range of foreign designs which have integrated with modern British styles. Typical British pattern is smart just innovative still recently has become more and more unconventional, fusing traditional styles with modern techniques. Vintage styles play an of import part in the British fashion and styling manufacture. Stylists regularly 'mix and match' the one-time with the new, which gives British fashion that unique, bohemian aesthetic that many of the other fashion capitals attempt to imitate. Irish fashion (both blueprint and styling) is too heavily influenced by fashion trends from Great britain. Famous British brands and designers include Burberry, Alexander McQueen, Mulberry, Stella McCartney and Vivienne Westwood.
8. Переведите следующие предложения письменно.
1. Первым в истории кутюрье традиционно считается модельер, создатель Синдиката Высокой моды Чарльз Фредерик Уорт.
2. С точки зрения искусства мода близка к концептуальному искусству, поскольку она заключается в сочетании различных элементов (прическа, материал одежды, фасон, колор, аксессуары), создающих образ.
three. Мода — это форма безобразия, настолько невыносимого, что мы вынуждены изменять ее каждые полгода. (О. Уайльд).
iv. Одежда производится в небольших количествах, чтобы гарантировать эксклюзивность, так что они довольно дорогие.
5. На сегодняшний день наибольшая часть одежды рассчитана на массовый рынок, в особенности для удобной и повседневной носки.
nine. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту упражнения 4.
→ What is the role of fashion designers?
→ What kind of garments can y'all name 'haute couture'?
→ What type of collections are presented each season during a catamenia known every bit Manner Calendar week?
→ How does Myriam Chalek explain the designing process?
10. Перескажите текст упражнения four, используя фразы в приложении.
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